I'm not particularly up to date on such details, but in my experience fuel used (for mpg indication etc) was calculated from the calibration of the injector flow vs on-time. To my knowledge no-one uses a true fuel flow meter device, but I'm happy to be shown to be wrong on that. The sum of injector on-time gave the total flow once appropriate calculations were done.
Typical port injection injectors have 3 phases of flow, the opening phase, hold, and closing. The opening and closing "ramps" mean that the flow volume is not strictly directly proportional to total on-time, the shorter the on-time (light load) the greater the departure from linear. It could also vary slightly with engine running conditions which might affect the pressure difference across the injector (rail pressure vs inlet manifold pressure), which can have dynamic influences (frequency of injections and pressure waves in the rail etc).
I never got directly involved in the algorithms for fuel used calculations for the purposes of trip computer numbers. I imagine there are some approximations used, it doesn't really need to be super accurate (and usually isn't!).
Fuel tank content calibration is another can of worms.