I used to work in Austria occasionally, and it was effectively mandatory to use winter tyres between certain dates (it is mandatory in other countries). I'm not sure what the rules are now in Austria, but then you weren't committing an offence not having them fitted (unlike Germany), but in case of an accident it was automatically considered your fault if you didn't.
I had a set of Goodyear UG full winter tyres (at the recommendation of local folk) on my Yaris, and they were superb in cold/wet/snow conditions. They were much better on ice than summer tyres, but nothing is magic on ice short of studs (illegal in many cases). I found very little difference in fuel economy against the summer tyres. The main thing to remember is that once weather warms up (7C is the rule-of-thumb guide) the winter tyres are often considerably worse for grip than summer tyres, so it's essential to switch back.
All season tyres are a more recent development and probably an excellent solution for most folk. Like many things, the devil is in the detail, and not all round black things are equal (see "Pontefract cake"
). The group test reviews are always a good guide. Goodyear do seem to know how to make good cold weather tyres.