There are lots of factors at play. Flexible plastic body parts may require special plastic primers, or possibly more flexible paint than the metal bodywork. Different paint shops use different brands of paint mixing systems, PPG , Glasurit/BASF etc etc. These systems will mix up any paint code by precisely weighing out quantities for a mix from a choice of only about 100 paint base colours , about 10 different sizes of metallic or pearlescent particles , and a variety of thinners and clear lacquer coats. Its inevitable that a different brand of paint, slight variations in weight measurement, spray gun pressure ,direction of spraying etc can result in a slight differences in colour match. Often its not the tone of the paint but how light hits it that makes the difference. I believe a skilled sprayer can sometimes minimise colour differences using lightly tinted clear coat laquer/thinner but I might be wrong in detail.
I dont know if bumpers etc come ready painted from Japan. This would increase the chances bulky and floppy panels will get damaged in transit/storage and the need to stock the correct quantity of the various colours to avoid long shipping delays. I suspect they come in bulk in primer and are prepared and painted in batches in Europe according to demand . Or supplied to bodyshops in primer who spray it using their own paint mixing system.
Incidentally I notice my Mk4 has a label in the passenger door which appears to warn body shops not to bake the car in a paint drying oven above 65c as it would damage the High voltage battery.